标题： 从对称性视角看量子Mpemba效应 显示英文标题

标题： Quantum Mpemba Effects from Symmetry Perspectives

摘要： 非平衡动力学已成为一个核心研究焦点，其典型例子是反直觉的Mpemba效应，其中初始更热的系统可以比更冷的系统冷却得更快。 在经典和量子领域都得到了广泛研究，这一现象在不同系统中展现出多样而复杂的行为。 本文综述了量子Mpemba效应（QME），特别强调其与闭合量子多体系统中对称性破缺与恢复的联系。 我们首先概述了经典Mpemba效应及其量子对应物，并总结了关键发现。 随后，我们介绍了纠缠不对称性和电荷方差作为从对称性角度探测QME的关键指标。 利用这些工具，我们分析了这些量在哈密顿演化和随机单位电路中的早期和晚期动力学。 最后，我们讨论了未来研究的重要挑战和有前景的方向。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Non-equilibrium dynamics have become a central research focus, exemplified by the counterintuitive Mpemba effect where initially hotter systems can cool faster than colder ones. Studied extensively in both classical and quantum regimes, this phenomenon reveals diverse and complex behaviors across different systems. This review provides a concise overview of the quantum Mpemba effect (QME), specifically emphasizing its connection to symmetry breaking and restoration in closed quantum many-body systems. We begin by outlining the classical Mpemba effect and its quantum counterparts, summarizing key findings. Subsequently, we introduce entanglement asymmetry and charge variance as key metrics for probing the QME from symmetry perspectives. Leveraging these tools, we analyze the early- and late-time dynamics of these quantities under Hamiltonian evolution and random unitary circuits. We conclude by discussing significant challenges and promising avenues for future research.