标题： 呼吸气体在循环光纤环中的时空动力学实验观察 显示英文标题

标题： Experimental observation of the spatio-temporal dynamics of breather gases in a recirculating fiber loop

摘要： 我们报告了光学中呼吸子气体（BGs）的首次实验观测，该观测在循环光纤环中实现，能够实现几乎无损耗的传播超过$1200$公里。 由被噪声扰动的缓慢调制光背景引发，BGs 通过非线性裂变过程形成，并表现出与聚焦一维非线性薛定谔方程数值模拟高度一致的时空动力学。 我们装置中的最小耗散使 BGs 的统计特征得以表征，并证实了理论上预测的 BGs 演化过程中峰度的加倍。 这些结果为涉及有限背景孤子的可积湍流实验研究开辟了新的途径。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We report the first experimental observation of breather gases (BGs) in optics, realized in a recirculating fiber loop enabling virtually lossless propagation over $1200$ km. Initiated by a slowly modulated optical background perturbed by noise, the BGs form through a nonlinear fission process and demonstrate spatiotemporal dynamics that align closely with numerical simulations of the focusing one-dimensional nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation. The minimal dissipation in our setup enables a statistical characterization of the BGs and confirms the theoretically predicted doubling of kurtosis during the evolution of the BGs. These results open new avenues for experimental studies of integrable turbulence involving solitons on finite background.