标题： 用HI和EMBER-2揭示黑暗宇宙 显示英文标题

标题： Unveiling the dark Universe with HI and EMBER-2

摘要： 下一代射电望远镜将提供跨越宇宙时间的中性氢（HI）分布前所未有的数据量。 将弱透镜巡天与HI的空间和运动学观测相结合，有助于约束暗物质的关键属性，例如其质量、聚集行为和空间分布。 然而，由于与星系形成相关的过程，如恒星反馈，从HI观测中推断暗物质属性具有挑战性。 使用经验关系的方法，通常通过数值模拟校准，并不使用完整的场级信息来对暗物质和HI之间的复杂关系进行建模。 我们通过一种数据驱动的方法解决了这一不足，利用最近引入的EMBER-2模型，在广泛的红移范围z=6-0内学习场级的HI-暗物质映射。 在使用FIRE-2运行的宇宙学星系形成模拟进行训练后，EMBER-2准确恢复了关键统计量，包括暗物质质量分数和表面密度剖面。 HI-暗物质密度交叉相关性在k = 100 h/cMpc的尺度上以10%的精度重建，这比传统方法有了显著改进。 所提出的方法可能成为未来推理流程中的关键组成部分，因为它可以轻松集成到射电巡天的下游分析任务中。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Next-generation radio telescopes will provide unprecedented data volumes of the neutral hydrogen (HI) distribution across cosmic time. Combining weak lensing surveys with spatial and kinematic observations of HI could help constrain key properties of dark matter, such as its mass, clustering behavior, and spatial distribution. However, inferring dark matter properties from HI observations is challenging because of processes related to galaxy formation, such as stellar feedback. Methods that use empirical relations, often calibrated via numerical simulations, do not use full field-level information to model the complex relation between dark matter and HI. We address this shortcoming with a data-driven approach, leveraging the recently introduced EMBER-2 model to learn the HI-dark matter mapping at the field level for a wide redshift range, z=6-0. After training on cosmological galaxy formation simulations run with FIRE-2, EMBER-2 accurately recovers key statistics, including dark matter mass fractions and surface density profiles. The HI-dark matter density cross-correlation is reconstructed at an accuracy of 10% down to scales of k = 100 h/cMpc, a significant improvement over traditional approaches. The presented method may become a key ingredient in future inference pipelines as it can be readily integrated into downstream analysis tasks of radio surveys.