标题： 对沼泽中的对冲基金：分析区块链桥梁中的模式、脆弱性和防御措施 显示英文标题

标题： Hedge Funds on a Swamp: Analyzing Patterns, Vulnerabilities, and Defense Measures in Blockchain Bridges

摘要： 区块链桥梁已成为不同区块链网络之间实现互操作性的关键基础设施，每月的桥梁交易量超过240亿美元。然而，它们日益增长的采用率伴随着安全漏洞的不成比例上升，使其成为Web3中最大的财务损失来源。为了使跨链生态系统具有鲁棒性和可持续性，必须理解和解决这些漏洞。在本研究中，我们提出了区块链桥梁设计和安全性的综合系统化分析。我们定义了三个桥梁安全优先事项，形式化了13个著名桥梁的架构结构，并识别了基于现实世界区块链攻击的23种攻击向量。利用这一基础，我们评估了43种典型的攻击场景，并引入了一个分层威胁模型，以捕捉源链、离链和目标链组件中的安全故障。我们的静态代码和交易网络层面的分析揭示了重复的设计缺陷，尤其是在访问控制、验证者信任假设和验证逻辑方面，并根据交易级痕迹识别了对手行为的关键模式。为了支持未来的发展，我们提出了一个桥梁架构设计的决策框架，以及分层验证和熔断机制等防御机制。这项工作为评估桥梁安全性提供了数据驱动的基础，并为标准化弹性跨链基础设施奠定了基础。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Blockchain bridges have become essential infrastructure for enabling interoperability across different blockchain networks, with more than $24B monthly bridge transaction volume. However, their growing adoption has been accompanied by a disproportionate rise in security breaches, making them the single largest source of financial loss in Web3. For cross-chain ecosystems to be robust and sustainable, it is essential to understand and address these vulnerabilities. In this study, we present a comprehensive systematization of blockchain bridge design and security. We define three bridge security priors, formalize the architectural structure of 13 prominent bridges, and identify 23 attack vectors grounded in real-world blockchain exploits. Using this foundation, we evaluate 43 representative attack scenarios and introduce a layered threat model that captures security failures across source chain, off-chain, and destination chain components. Our analysis at the static code and transaction network levels reveals recurring design flaws, particularly in access control, validator trust assumptions, and verification logic, and identifies key patterns in adversarial behavior based on transaction-level traces. To support future development, we propose a decision framework for bridge architecture design, along with defense mechanisms such as layered validation and circuit breakers. This work provides a data-driven foundation for evaluating bridge security and lays the groundwork for standardizing resilient cross-chain infrastructure.