标题： TruChain：可信、可验证和不可变的开放银行数据多层架构 显示英文标题

标题： TruChain: A Multi-Layer Architecture for Trusted, Verifiable, and Immutable Open Banking Data

摘要： 开放银行框架使第三方提供商能够跨银行机构访问金融数据，从而在金融领域带来前所未有的创新。 然而，一些开放银行标准仍然容易受到严重的技术风险影响，包括未经验证的数据来源、数据完整性不一致以及缺乏不可变性。 在本文中，我们提出了一种分层架构，通过三个不同的信任级别来确保数据的可信度，包括源验证、数据级认证和防篡改存储。 第一层使用去中心化身份和可验证表示来保证源的合法性，第二层使用密码学签名来验证数据的真实性和一致性。 最后，第三层通过Tangle（一种有向无环图分布式账本）来保证数据的不可变性。 我们实现了一个概念验证方案来评估其性能，结果表明该系统随着规模线性扩展，吞吐量稳定，验证率为100%，并且CPU使用率和内存占用均低于35%和350 MiB。 与现实世界中的开放银行实施方案相比，我们的解决方案显著降低了延迟并提供了更强的数据完整性保障。 总体而言，我们的解决方案为金融生态系统中的安全数据共享提供了一个实用且高效的系统，同时保持合规性。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Open banking framework enables third party providers to access financial data across banking institutions, leading to unprecedented innovations in the financial sector. However, some open banking standards remain susceptible to severe technological risks, including unverified data sources, inconsistent data integrity, and lack of immutability. In this paper, we propose a layered architecture that provides assurance in data trustworthiness with three distinct levels of trust, covering source validation, data-level authentication, and tamper-proof storage. The first layer guarantees the source legitimacy using decentralized identity and verifiable presentation, while the second layer verifies data authenticity and consistency using cryptographic signing. Lastly, the third layer guarantees data immutability through the Tangle, a directed acyclic graph distributed ledger. We implemented a proof-of-concept implementation of our solution to evaluate its performance, where the results demonstrate that the system scales linearly with a stable throughput, exhibits a 100% validation rate, and utilizes under 35% of CPU and 350 MiB memory. Compared to a real-world open banking implementation, our solution offers significantly reduced latency and stronger data integrity assurance. Overall, our solution offers a practical and efficient system for secure data sharing in financial ecosystems while maintaining regulatory compliance.