标题： 将太阳系置于天体物理背景中 显示英文标题

标题： Placing the Solar System in its Astrophysical Context

摘要： 我们检查最近的天文学数据，以评估太阳和太阳系与其他恒星和系外行星系统相比是否具有异常特性，为天体生物学研究提供背景。利用主要来自大型调查的数据，如{\it Gaia}，{\it 开普勒}，{\it TESS}和地面光谱学（例如，GALAH，LAMOST，HARPS），我们构建比较样本（例如，附近恒星，20-200 pc 内的太阳类似物和双星），并使用统计方法，包括回归分析，以考虑参数依赖性。我们发现与附近同年龄太阳恒星相比，太阳金属含量适中丰富。更异常的太阳特性包括其质量（本地前$\sim$8%），短时间尺度上的低光度变化（$\sim$0.2%），特定的轻重元素丰度模式（高铍，低锂，低碳/氧和氮/氧比率，以及低重中子捕获和难熔元素），慢速旋转和低超级耀斑率。太阳的平均$\alpha$/铁，磷/铁和镱/铁丰度比。 它还具有平均色球层活动，如通过 R$^{\rm '}_{\rm HK}$(T$_{\rm eff}$)、R$^{\rm +}_{\rm HK}$和 H$\alpha$指数测量的那样。 太阳系在缺乏超级地球方面是不寻常的，尽管拥有一个寒冷的木星（$\sim$3百分比），其行星的低偏心率（特别是考虑到可检测性，$<2$百分比），以及作为多行星系统的大型尺寸尺度（$\sim$6百分比），以及可能的太阳倾斜度。 与近 95% 的邻近太阳类似物相比，太阳的银河系轨道偏心率更小，垂直偏移也更低。 它目前的位置靠近近银河系中心，与银盘的距离最近，因此其局部恒星密度高于 98.8% 的随机时间段（从 $-0.5$ 亿年到 $+0.5$ 亿年）。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We examine recent astronomical data to assess whether the sun and Solar System possess anomalous properties compared to other stars and exoplanetary systems, providing context for astrobiology research. Utilising data primarily from large surveys like {\it Gaia}, {\it Kepler}, {\it TESS}, and ground-based spectroscopy (e.g., GALAH, LAMOST, HARPS), we construct comparison samples (e.g., nearby stars, solar analogues and twins within 20-200 pc) and employ statistical methods, including regression analysis, to account for parameter dependencies. We find that the sun is modestly metal-rich compared to nearby solar-age stars. More anomalous solar properties include its mass (top $\sim$8 percent locally), low photometric variability on short timescales ($\sim$0.2 percent), specific light and heavy element abundance patterns (high beryllium, low lithium, low carbon/oxygen and nitrogen/oxygen ratios, and low heavy neutron capture and refractory elements), slow rotation, and low superflare rate. The sun has average $\alpha$/iron, phosphorus/iron, and Ytterbium/iron abundance ratios. It also has average chromospheric activity as measured by R$^{\rm '}_{\rm HK}$(T$_{\rm eff}$), R$^{\rm +}_{\rm HK}$, and H$\alpha$ indices. The Solar System is unusual in its lack of super-Earths despite hosting a cold Jupiter ($\sim$3 percent), the low eccentricities of its planets (especially considering detectability, $<2$ percent), its large size scale for a multi-planet system ($\sim$6 percent), and potentially the sun's obliquity. The sun's galactic orbit is less eccentric and has lower vertical excursions than $\sim$95 percent of nearby solar analogues. Its current position is near perigalacticon and minimum distance from the Galactic plane, resulting in a higher local star density than 98.8 percent of randomly chosen times from $-0.5$ to $+0.5$ Gyrs.