标题： 从克尔黑洞中提取电磁能：从头计算 显示英文标题

标题： Electromagnetic Energy Extraction from Kerr Black Holes: Ab-Initio Calculations

摘要： 从旋转黑洞通过Blandford-Znajek机制提取能量的可能性是相对论天体物理学的基石。我们进行了广义相对论无碰撞动力学模拟，研究了覆盖广泛黑洞自旋的Kerr黑洞磁层。考虑到经典的分裂单极磁场，我们可以通过这些从头计算再现旋转黑洞的无力电动力学，并测量喷流功率随自旋的变化情况。我们发现的Blandford-Znajek亮度与解析计算非常一致，并通过简单的缩放与广义相对论磁流体动力学模拟相兼容。这些结果为Blandford-Znajek机制的稳健性提供了有力证据，并对涉及不同质量尺度旋转黑洞的场景中预期的电磁亮度给出了准确估计。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The possibility of extracting energy from a rotating black hole via the Blandford-Znajek mechanism represents a cornerstone of relativistic astrophysics. We present general-relativistic collisionless kinetic simulations of Kerr black-hole magnetospheres covering a wide range in the black-hole spin. Considering a classical split-monopole magnetic field, we can reproduce with these ab-initio calculations the force-free electrodynamics of rotating black holes and measure the power of the jet launched as a function of the spin. The Blandford-Znajek luminosity we find is in very good agreement with analytic calculations and compatible with general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamics simulations via a simple rescaling. These results provide strong evidence of the robustness of the Blandford-Znajek mechanism and accurate estimates of the electromagnetic luminosity to be expected in those scenarios involving rotating black holes across the mass scale.