标题： 一种用于凋亡细胞死亡的相场模型 显示英文标题

标题： A Phase-field Model for Apoptotic Cell Death

摘要： 程序性细胞死亡，即凋亡，是一种自然机制，用于调节健康组织、多细胞结构和稳态。对凋亡的更好理解可以显著增强我们对生物过程和系统的认识。例如，病原体可以操控凋亡过程以逃避免疫检测或促进其传播。此外，具有特别临床兴趣的是癌细胞逃避凋亡的能力，从而允许它们无限制地生存和增殖。因此，在本工作中，我们提出了一种相场模型，用于模拟由细胞毒素引起的细胞凋亡，包括推导此类现象背后的构型力学。在探索启动或减少凋亡所需的不同条件的同时，这可以作为计算治疗测试的起点。为了展示模型的能力，我们展示了当改变凋亡基础机制时产生的不同类型的细胞动力学的模拟。随后，该模型被用于研究不同的形态转变，如细胞收缩、膜泡形成、空腔形成和碎片化。最后，我们将模拟中观察到的特征与电子显微镜图像进行比较，为该模型提供了额外的支持。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The process of programmed cell death, namely apoptosis, is a natural mechanism that regulates healthy tissue, multicellular structures, and homeostasis. An improved understanding of apoptosis can significantly enhance our knowledge of biological processes and systems. For instance, pathogens can manipulate the apoptotic process to either evade immune detection or to facilitate their spread. Furthermore of particular clinical interest is the ability of cancer cells to evade apoptosis, hence allowing them to survive and proliferate uncontrollably. Thus, in this work, we propose a phase-field model for simulating cellular apoptosis induced by a cytotoxin, including deriving the configurational mechanics underlying such phenomena. Along with exploring varying conditions needed to initiate or reduce apoptosis, this can serve as a starting point for computational therapeutic testing. To showcase model capabilities, we present simulations exhibiting different types of cellular dynamics produced when varying the mechanisms underlying apoptosis. The model is subsequently applied to probe different morphological transitions, such as cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, cavity formation and fragmentation. Lastly, we compare the characteristics observed in our simulations to electron microscopy images, providing additional support for the model.