标题： 如何在工业控制和自动化软件中定义设计 显示英文标题

标题： How to Define Design in Industrial Control and Automation Software

摘要： 设计是工程的一个基本方面，使产品、系统和组织的创建能够满足社会和/或商业需求。 然而，设计缺乏科学基础常常导致主观决策，从而降低效率和创新性。 这一挑战在软件行业尤为明显，进而体现在工业控制和自动化系统（iCAS）领域。 在本研究中，首先我们回顾软件行业中现有的设计定义，挑战关于设计的普遍误解，回顾设计理论领域的设计定义，并通过设计理论领域的进展来解答一些关键问题：设计何时开始？ 如何科学地定义设计？ 什么是好的设计？ 以及设计与设计语言之间的区别。 我们还评估了随意设计和系统设计方法之间的区别，并提出了在解决冲突的演进问题的同时平衡互补操作问题的论点。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Design is a fundamental aspect of engineering, enabling the creation of products, systems, and organizations to meet societal and/or business needs. However, the absence of a scientific foundation in design often results in subjective decision-making, reducing both efficiency and innovation. This challenge is particularly evident in the software industry and, by extension, in the domain of industrial control and automation systems (iCAS). In this study, first we review the existing design definitions within the software industry, challenge prevailing misconceptions about design, review design definition in the field of design theory and address key questions such as: When does design begin? How can design be defined scientifically? What constitutes good design? and the difference between design and design language by relying on advancements in the field of design theory. We also evaluate the distinction between ad-hoc and systematic design approaches, and present arguments on how to balance complementary operational concerns while resolving conflicting evolutionary concerns.