标题： 硬件测试与角度下垂控制的验证：分析与实验 显示英文标题

标题： Hardware test and validation of the angular droop control: Analysis and experiments

摘要： 角度下垂控制是一种电网形成控制策略，它利用功率到角度下垂的概念，实现精确的频率同步，而无需严格区分一次和二次频率控制。 在本工作中，我们在卡尔斯鲁厄理工学院（KIT）的智能能源系统控制实验室进行硬件实验，以测试和验证在两种不同测试场景下的低压电网的角度下垂控制。 首先，我们验证其在重大事件后（例如停电后）的电网形成能力，通过功率到角度下垂行为进行演示。 为此，我们提出了两种实现方案，这些方案分别依赖于调制信号的直接或间接驱动，并对它们进行了比较。 其次，我们研究了即插即用能力，即双转换器系统的局部稳定性和功率分配，并提供了适合的控制增益调节。 我们的实验结果说明了硬件测试和验证对于直流/交流转换器控制的有用性，所涉及的实际挑战以及提出的解决方案。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The angular droop control is a grid-forming control strategy that exploits the idea of power-to-angle droop to achieve exact frequency synchronization with no stringent separation between primary and secondary frequency control. In this work, we conduct hardware experiments in the Smart Energy System Control Laboratory at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) to test and validate the angular droop control for low voltage power grids in two different test scenarios. First, we verify its grid-forming capabilities after a major event, e.g., following a blackout, demonstrated via power-to-angle droop behavior. For this, we propose two implementation schemes that rely either on direct or indirect actuation of the modulation signal and draw a comparison between them. Second, we investigate the plug-and-play capabilities, i.e., local stability and power sharing for a two-converter system and provide suitable tuning for the control gains. Our experimental findings illustrate the usefulness of hardware test and validation for DC/AC converter control, the practical challenges entailed and the proposed remedies.