标题： 中子星中存在超子的恒星特性 显示英文标题

标题： Stellar properties indicating the presence of hyperons in neutron stars

摘要： 我们描述了表明中子星中存在超子的独特恒星特征。 质量-半径关系 R(M) 的强烈负曲率是超子的特征，可以通过测量三种不同质量的中子星来确定。 同样，潮汐可变形性作为质量函数的二阶导数$\lambda(M)$的减小表明了中子星物质中的超子自由度。 如果这样的曲线 R(M) 和\lambda (M) 的斜率相对于中子星的最大质量有所增加（对于\lambda (M) 则减少），则可以区分超子状态方程与纯核子模型。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We describe distinctive stellar features indicating the presence of hyperons in neutron stars. A strongly negative curvature of the mass-radius relation R(M) is characteristic of hyperons, which can be determined from measurements of neutron stars with three different masses. Similarly, a reduced second derivative of the tidal deformability as function of mass $\lambda(M)$ points to hyperonic degrees of freedom in NS matter. The slopes of such curves R(M) and \lambda(M) can distinguish a hyperonic equation of state from purely nucleonic models if they appear increased (decreased for \lambda(M)) relative to the maximum mass of neutron stars.