标题： 一致性，不一致，涌现：次协调性与之有什么关系？ 显示英文标题

标题： Consensus, Inconsistency, Emergence: what's paraconsistency got to do with it?

摘要： 共识问题，简而言之，是指异步分布式系统中的进程就一个值达成一致。 众所周知，如果系统中至少有一个故障进程，那么共识问题没有确保终止和一致性的确定性解。 这个结果被称为FLP不可能定理，导致了理论分布式计算中的几个推广和发展。 本文认为，通过预言机进行的计算的广义定义下，FLP不可能定理仍然成立。 此外，利用复杂系统的一个理论工具，本文还提出，通过检查系统如何过渡相位，不一致性可能是分布式系统上共识的涌现特征。 在相同的复杂系统框架下，本文研究了次协调逻辑，认为虽然不一致性不是这些逻辑的涌现特征，但琐碎性可能是。 最后，本文也关注了开发能够进行次协调推理的共识算法的可能性。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The consensus problem, briefly stated, consists of having processes in an asynchronous distributed system agree on a value. It is widely known that the consensus problem does not have a deterministic solution that ensures both termination and consistency, if there is at least one faulty process in the system. This result, known as the FLP impossibility theorem, led to several generalizations and developments in theoretical distributed computing. This paper argues that the FLP impossibility theorem holds even under a generalized definition of computation through oracles. Furthermore, using a theoretical machinery from complex systems, this paper also posits that inconsistency may be an emergent feature of consensus over distributed systems by examining how a system transitions phases. Under the same complex systems framework, this paper examines paraconsistent logics, arguing that while inconsistency is not an emergent feature for these logics, triviality may be. Lastly, some attention is given to the possibility of developing consensus algorithms capable of paraconsistent reasoning.