标题： 小链交换动力学对自旋-轨道耦合钟光谱的影响 显示英文标题

标题： Effects of Small-Chain Superexchange Dynamics on Spin-Orbit Coupled Clock Spectroscopy

摘要： 光学晶格钟在钟表精度和准确度方面创造了记录。 通过尽可能多地探测原子并进行最长的可接受探测时间，继续提高其性能，需要对多体晶格系统进行实验和理论研究。 受最近关于费米简并三维光学晶格钟实验结果的启发，我们对一维链中的拉姆和拉比光谱进行了理论综述。 在现实的实验温度和限制条件下，原子被空间局域化为包含$\approx 1-5$个原子的小链。 我们表明，在时钟激光引起的自旋-轨道耦合存在的情况下，每个链内的超交换相互作用会改变光谱观测量，并且强烈依赖于链的长度。 因此，链长度的热分布在光谱测量中起着关键作用。 我们的结果为了解最先进的晶格钟中的可观测多体效应提供了见解，并提出了优化钟性能的新方向。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Optical lattice clocks have set records in clock precision and accuracy. Continuing to advance their performance, via probing as many atoms for the longest interrogation time affordable, requires experimentally and theoretically studying a many-body lattice system. Motivated by recent experimental results on a Fermi-degenerate three-dimensional optical lattice clock, we present a theoretical overview of Ramsey and Rabi spectroscopy in one-dimensional chains. At realistic experimental temperatures and confinement conditions, atoms are spatially localized into small chains of $\approx 1-5$ atoms. We show that in the presence of spin-orbit coupling induced by the clock laser, the spectroscopy observables are modified by superexchange interactions within each chain, and depend strongly on the length of the chain. The thermal distribution of chain lengths thus plays a key role in the spectroscopy measurements. Our results offer insight into observable many-body effects in state-of-the-art lattice clocks and suggest new directions for optimizing clock performance.