标题： 通过分割世界来统一世界：联邦地图以支持空间应用 显示英文标题

标题： Uniting the World by Dividing it: Federated Maps to Enable Spatial Applications

摘要： 空间网络的出现——即内容与现实世界位置相关联的网络，有潜力改善和启用许多应用，如增强现实、导航、机器人技术等。 空间网络缺少一个关键要素，阻碍了其发展——一个空间命名系统，用于将现实世界的位置解析为名称。 当今的空间命名系统是数字地图，如谷歌地图和苹果地图。 这些地图以及在这些地图之上提供的基于位置的服务主要由几家大型公司控制，并且主要覆盖户外公共空间。 新兴的应用类别，如持久的世界规模增强现实，需要对外部和内部空间的详细地图。 现有的集中式地图基础设施由于所需的制图工作规模以及内部地图数据的隐私问题，正变得不足以满足这些应用。 在本文中，我们提出了一个关于联邦空间命名系统的论点，换句话说，就是一种联邦地图基础设施。 这使得不同的各方能够管理和服务他们自己的物理区域地图，并实现了地图管理的可扩展性、地图的隔离和隐私。 与地图相关的服务，如地址到位置映射、基于位置的搜索和路由，需要重新设计以在联邦地图上运行。 我们讨论了一些启用这些服务的基本服务和实际问题。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The emergence of the Spatial Web -- the Web where content is tied to real-world locations has the potential to improve and enable many applications such as augmented reality, navigation, robotics, and more. The Spatial Web is missing a key ingredient that is impeding its growth -- a spatial naming system to resolve real-world locations to names. Today's spatial naming systems are digital maps such as Google and Apple maps. These maps and the location-based services provided on top of these maps are primarily controlled by a few large corporations and mostly cover outdoor public spaces. Emerging classes of applications, such as persistent world-scale augmented reality, require detailed maps of both outdoor and indoor spaces. Existing centralized mapping infrastructures are proving insufficient for such applications because of the scale of cartography efforts required and the privacy of indoor map data. In this paper, we present a case for a federated spatial naming system, or in other words, a federated mapping infrastructure. This enables disparate parties to manage and serve their own maps of physical regions and unlocks scalability of map management, isolation and privacy of maps. Map-related services such as address-to-location mapping, location-based search, and routing needs re-architecting to work on federated maps. We discuss some essential services and practicalities of enabling these services.