标题： CRPropa 3.3：从GeV到ZeV能量的统一多信使框架 显示英文标题

标题： CRPropa 3.3: Toward a Unified Multi-Messenger Framework from GeV to ZeV Energies

摘要： 我们介绍了CRPropa 3.3，这是公开可用的蒙特卡洛框架的最新版本，用于模拟高能粒子在天体物理环境中的传播。 此版本引入了重大扩展，使跨广泛能量范围（从GeV到ZeV）的多信使研究成为可能。 新功能包括显式时间跟踪、随时间变化的对流场以及对位置依赖辐射背景的支持，以更真实地模拟银河系内和银河系外的传播。 核反应截面已更新并扩展至铅（Z=82）。 我们展示了其中一些新功能，包括在移动激波处的加速以及伽马射线在星际辐射场中的传播。 这些改进共同确立了CRPropa 3.3作为建模宇宙射线、伽马射线及其次级粒子的全面工具，适用于结构化、随时间变化的环境，为下一代多信使天体物理学奠定了基础。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We present CRPropa 3.3, the latest release of the publicly available Monte Carlo framework for simulating the propagation of high-energy particles in astrophysical environments. This version introduces significant extensions that enables multi-messenger studies across a broad energy range, from GeV to ZeV. New features include explicit time tracking, time-dependent advection fields, and support for position-dependent radiation backgrounds, for more realistic simulations of Galactic and extragalactic propagation. Nuclear cross sections have been updated and expanded up to lead (Z=82). We illustrate some of these new features, including acceleration at moving shocks and gamma-ray propagation in the interstellar radiation field. Together, these improvements establish CRPropa 3.3 as a comprehensive tool for modelling cosmic rays, gamma rays, and their secondaries in structured, time-dependent environments, setting the stage for next-generation multi-messenger astrophysics.