标题： exoALMA. 十八. 将大尺度运动学结构解释为中等弯曲 显示英文标题

标题： exoALMA. XVIII. Interpreting large scale kinematic structures as moderate warping

摘要： exoALMA项目提供了对原行星盘复杂运动学前所未有的观察，揭示了多种结构，这些结构仍然理解不足。 我们表明，中等程度的盘扭曲（$\sim 0.5-2^\circ$）可以自然地解释许多观测到的大尺度速度特征，其方位波数为$m = 1$。 使用一个简单模型，我们将视线速度变化解释为由于盘扭曲引起的投影开普勒旋转的变化。 虽然这不是唯一的解释，但这种解释与日益增长的观测证据一致，表明扭曲是常见的。 我们证明，这样的扭曲也可以在散射光和CO亮度温度中产生螺旋结构，在MWC 758中变化达$\sim 10$K。 在exoALMA样本中，扭曲特性与恒星吸积率相关，这表明内盘和外盘运动学之间存在联系。 如果扭曲导致大尺度运动学结构，这将对湍流、角动量传输和行星形成产生深远的影响。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The exoALMA program gave an unprecedented view of the complex kinematics of protoplanetary disks, revealing diverse structures that remain poorly understood. We show that moderate disk warps ($\sim 0.5-2^\circ$) can naturally explain many of the observed large-scale velocity features with azimuthal wavenumber $m = 1$. Using a simple model, we interpret line-of-sight velocity variations as changes in the projected Keplerian rotation caused by warping of the disk. While not a unique explanation, this interpretation aligns with growing observational evidence that warps are common. We demonstrate that such warps can also produce spiral structures in scattered light and CO brightness temperature, with $\sim 10$ K variations in MWC 758. Within the exoALMA sample, warp properties correlate with stellar accretion rates, suggesting a link between the inner disc and outer disc kinematics. If warps cause large-scale kinematic structure, this has far reaching implications for turbulence, angular momentum transport, and planet formation.