标题： 基于励磁电流影响的DER主导微电网动态形成模型预测黑启动 显示英文标题

标题： Model Predictive Black Start for Dynamic Formation of DER-Led Microgrids with Inrush Current Impacts

摘要： 黑启动（BS）具有高渗透率的分布式能源资源（DERs）的配电系统（DS）需要先进的控制框架，以确保安全和高效的恢复。 本文提出了一种模型预测黑启动（MPBS）框架，结合了励磁电流可行性模块，以动态生成实时可行且最优的恢复序列。 利用DER输出和输电网络（TG）可用性的短期预测来构建自适应启动路径。 励磁电流可行性模块分析估计了在对空载配电变压器（DTs）供电时引起的瞬态励磁电流。 为了减轻过大的励磁电流并避免保护装置的潜在误操作，开发了一种受紧急操作启发的电压控制策略和开关阻塞机制。 所提出的励磁模型在PowerFactory中通过电磁暂态（EMT）仿真进行了验证，估计精度超过90%。 对修改后的IEEE 123节点馈线进行案例研究，结果表明MPBS框架可以防止熔断器和重合器的误操作，减少不必要的DER能源消耗，并在DER主导的黑启动过程中提高负荷恢复效率。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Black start (BS) of the distribution system (DS) with high penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) requires advanced control frameworks to ensure secure and efficient restoration. This paper proposes a model predictive black start (MPBS) framework incorporating an inrush current feasibility module to dynamically generate real-time feasible and optimal restoration sequences. Short-term forecasts of DER output and transmission grid (TG) availability are utilized to construct adaptive cranking paths. The inrush current feasibility module analytically estimates the transient inrush current caused by energizing no-load distribution transformers (DTs). To mitigate excessive inrush current and avoid potential misoperations of protection devices, an emergency operation-inspired voltage control strategy and a switch blocking mechanism are developed. The proposed inrush model is validated against electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulations in PowerFactory with estimation accuracies exceeding 90 %. Case studies on a modified IEEE 123-node feeder demonstrate that the MPBS framework prevents misoperations of fuses and reclosers, reduces unnecessary DER energy consumption, and enhances load restoration efficiency during DER-led BS processes.