标题： NA-DiD：利用能力扩展双重差分法 显示英文标题

标题： NA-DiD: Extending Difference-in-Differences with Capabilities

摘要： 本文介绍了非可加差异法（NA-DiD）框架，该框架通过结合Choquet积分来纳入非可加性度量，从而扩展了经典DiD方法。它作为一种新颖的计量经济学工具，用于影响评估，特别是在存在非可加性处理效应的情况下。首先，我们介绍了经典DiD模型的积分表示，然后将其扩展到非可加性度量，从而推导出NA-DiD估计的公式。接着，我们给出了其理论性质。将NA-DiD应用于模拟的医院卫生干预中，我们发现经典DiD可能会高估处理效应，例如未能考虑合规性下降。相比之下，NA-DiD通过纳入非线性聚合提供了更准确的估计。本文中使用和介绍的技术的Julia实现见附录。 显示英文摘要

摘要： This paper introduces the Non-Additive Difference-in-Differences (NA-DiD) framework, which extends classical DiD by incorporating non-additive measures the Choquet integral for effect aggregation. It serves as a novel econometric tool for impact evaluation, particularly in settings with non-additive treatment effects. First, we introduce the integral representation of the classial DiD model, and then extend it to non-additive measures, therefore deriving the formulae for NA-DiD estimation. Then, we give its theoretical properties. Applying NA-DiD to a simulated hospital hygiene intervention, we find that classical DiD can overestimate treatment effects, f.e. failing to account for compliance erosion. In contrast, NA-DiD provides a more accurate estimate by incorporating non-linear aggregation. The Julia implementation of the techniques used and introduced in this article is provided in the appendices.