标题： Rb Rydberg原子三体Förster共振的分裂作为偶极-偶极相互作用强度的测量 显示英文标题

标题： Splitting of the three-body Förster resonance in Rb Rydberg atoms as a measure of dipole-dipole interaction strength

摘要： 三体福勒特共振由直流电场控制，对于在光学陷阱中使用单个原子的激光激发进入强相互作用的里德堡态来实现三量子比特量子门具有重要意义。 在我们最近的理论论文[Zh. Eksper. Teor. Fiz. 168(1), 14 (2025)]中发现，早期提出的铷原子里德堡态中的三体福勒特共振$3\times nP_{3/2} \to nS_{1/2} +(n+1)S_{1/2} +nP_{1/2} $存在分裂，其中一部分分裂成分对共振电场（以及相应的动态位移）与原子之间距离$R$的依赖性较弱。 在这里，我们更详细地研究了这一效应，因为这种共振最适合用于观察集体三体态种群的相干振荡实验以及基于它们的三量子比特量子门的实现。 对于三个相互作用的里德堡原子的线性空间配置，揭示了这一现象的物理机制，并得到了描述福勒特共振分裂结构随$R$变化的解析公式。 发现分裂是共振偶极-偶极交换相互作用能量的度量，该相互作用涉及相邻里德堡态之间的激发跃迁$S$和$P$。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Three-body F\"orster resonances controlled by a dc electric field are of interest for the implementation of three-qubit quantum gates with single atoms in optical traps using their laser excitation into strongly interacting Rydberg states. In our recent theoretical paper [Zh. Eksper. Teor. Fiz. 168(1), 14 (2025)] it was found that the proposed earlier three-body F\"orster resonance $3\times nP_{3/2} \to nS_{1/2} +(n+1)S_{1/2} +nP_{1/2} $ in Rb Rydberg atoms has a splitting, with one of the split components having weaker dependence of the resonant electric field (and the corresponding dynamic shift) on the distance $R$ between the atoms. Here we study this effect in more detail, since such a resonance is the most suitable for performing experiments on observing coherent oscillations of populations of collective three-body states and implementing three-qubit quantum gates based on them. For a linear spatial configuration of three interacting Rydberg atoms, the physical mechanism of this phenomenon is revealed and analytical formulas are obtained that describe the behavior of split structure of the F\"orster resonance depending on $R$. It is found that the splitting is a measure of the energy of the resonant dipole-dipole exchange interaction with an excitation hopping between neighboring Rydberg states $S$ and $P$.