标题： 量子天盾：恶劣天气中低空无线网络的量子密钥分发与后量子认证 显示英文标题

标题： Quantum Skyshield: Quantum Key Distribution and Post-Quantum Authentication for Low-Altitude Wireless Networks in Adverse Skies

摘要： 近年来，低空无线网络（LAWNs）已成为支持低空经济的关键骨干，特别是随着无人机（UAVs）和高空平台（HAPs）的密集化。 为了满足不断增长的数据需求，一些LAWN部署采用了自由空间光（FSO）链路，其提供卓越的带宽和光束方向性。 然而，在没有强大安全措施的情况下，传统射频信道和FSO光束仍然容易受到拦截和欺骗，尤其是FSO可能受到湍流、对准误差和天气相关的衰减影响。 为了解决量子时代这些挑战，提出了一种称为Quantum Skyshield的量子安全架构，以实现基站收发台（BTS）和LAWN之间的可靠通信。 所提出的方案将BB84量子密钥分发（QKD）与后量子认证机制相结合。 仿真结果证实，当量子比特误码率（QBER）保持在11%的阈值以下时，可以可靠地生成128位对称密钥。 使用Lamport一次性签名和基于哈希的消息认证码（HMAC）来强制认证，以确保消息的完整性。 一种受Grover启发的威胁检测机制在单次迭代中能够以高达89%的概率识别异常，从而实现实时信任评估。 最后，还识别并讨论了未来的研究挑战，以指导该领域进一步的发展。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Recently, low-altitude wireless networks (LAWNs) have emerged as a critical backbone for supporting the low-altitude economy, particularly with the densification of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and high-altitude platforms (HAPs). To meet growing data demands, some LAWN deployments incorporate free-space optical (FSO) links, which offer exceptional bandwidth and beam directivity. However, without strong security measures in place, both conventional radio frequency channels and FSO beams remain vulnerable to interception and spoofing and FSO in particular can suffer from turbulence, misalignment, and weather-related attenuation. To address these challenges in the quantum era, a quantum-secure architecture called Quantum Skyshield is proposed to enable reliable communication between the base transceiver station (BTS) and LAWN. The proposed design integrates BB84 quantum key distribution (QKD) with post-quantum authentication mechanisms. Simulation results confirm the reliable generation of a 128-bit symmetric key when the quantum bit error rate (QBER) remains below the threshold of 11%. Authentication is enforced using Lamport one-time signatures and hash-based message authentication codes (HMAC) to ensure message integrity. A Grover-inspired threat detection mechanism identifies anomalies with up to 89% probability in a single iteration, enabling real-time trust evaluation. Lastly, future research challenges have also been identified and discussed to guide further development in this area.