标题： 从代码中获得的教育见解：通过基于代码的证据映射面向对象编程中的学习挑战 显示英文标题

标题： Educational Insights from Code: Mapping Learning Challenges in Object-Oriented Programming through Code-Based Evidence

摘要： 面向对象编程对本科生计算机科学学生来说经常具有挑战性，尤其是在理解封装、继承和多态等抽象概念时。尽管文献中概述了通过源代码分析识别面向对象编程中潜在设计和编码问题的各种方法，例如代码异味和SOLID原则，但很少有研究探讨这些代码层面的问题如何与面向对象编程中的学习困难相关联。在本研究中，我们探讨了代码问题指标与学习面向对象编程过程中遇到的常见挑战之间的关系。通过定性分析，我们确定了学习困难的主要类别，并通过文献综述建立了这些困难、代码异味和违反SOLID原则之间的联系。结果，我们开发了一个概念图，将与代码相关的问题与面向对象编程中的具体学习挑战联系起来。然后，该模型由一位专家进行了评估，该专家将其应用于学生代码的分析，以评估其在教育环境中的相关性和适用性。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Object-Oriented programming is frequently challenging for undergraduate Computer Science students, particularly in understanding abstract concepts such as encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. Although the literature outlines various methods to identify potential design and coding issues in object-oriented programming through source code analysis, such as code smells and SOLID principles, few studies explore how these code-level issues relate to learning difficulties in Object-Oriented Programming. In this study, we explore the relationship of the code issue indicators with common challenges encountered during the learning of object-oriented programming. Using qualitative analysis, we identified the main categories of learning difficulties and, through a literature review, established connections between these difficulties, code smells, and violations of the SOLID principles. As a result, we developed a conceptual map that links code-related issues to specific learning challenges in Object-Oriented Programming. The model was then evaluated by an expert who applied it in the analysis of the student code to assess its relevance and applicability in educational contexts.