标题： 并非原始的黑洞由宇宙弦环播种 显示英文标题

标题： Not-quite-primordial black holes seeded by cosmic string loops

摘要： 宇宙弦出现在许多合理的粒子物理标准模型扩展中。 如果它们存在，一种称为宇宙弦环的致密天体丰富种群会始终渗透整个宇宙，提供一种大振幅且非高斯性质的密度扰动的次要来源。 一般来说，这些环在暗物质的静止框架中并不是静止的，因此它们的相对速度通常会在物质时代产生球形和丝状的高密度区。 在之前工作的基础上，我们提供了一个改进的框架，用于计算这些由弦引发的高密度区的完整晕质量函数，适用于任何环速度分布。 利用这个质量函数，我们还计算了能够发生直接塌缩的晕子集，形成一群初始质量为$10^{4-5} \, M_{\odot}$的黑洞，在高红移处形成。 有趣的是，对于合理的弦参数值，可以再现詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜（JWST）所推断的“小红点”的丰度。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Cosmic strings appear in many well-motivated extensions to the standard model of particle physics. If they exist, an abundant population of compact objects known as cosmic string loops permeate the Universe at all times, providing a secondary source of density perturbations that are large amplitude and non-gaussian in nature. In general, these loops are not stationary in the rest frame of the dark matter, thus their relative velocities will typically seed both spherical and filamentary overdensities in the matter era. Building upon previous work, we provide an improved framework to compute the complete halo mass function for these string seeded overdensities, valid for any loop velocity distribution. Using this mass function, we also compute the subset of halos capable of undergoing a direct collapse, forming a population of black holes with initial mass $10^{4-5} \, M_{\odot}$ at high redshifts. Interestingly, for reasonable values of the string parameters, one can reproduce the abundance of ``Little Red Dots" as inferred by JWST.