标题： 住宅能源中心的顺序操作 显示英文标题

标题： Sequential Operation of Residential Energy Hubs

摘要： 住宅能源枢纽与多种能源载体（电力、热能、交通）的操作由于不同的载体动态、混合储能协调和高维动作空间而面临重大挑战。能源管理系统负责监督其操作，决定主要控制层的设定点。本文提出了一种新颖的两阶段经济模型预测控制器，用于电气化建筑，包括电池退化和热力系统的基于物理的模型。分层控制在荷兰的顺序能源市场中运行。特别是讨论了关于日内市场的常见假设（拍卖和连续时间），以及不同储能系统的耦合。最佳控制策略是在第一阶段共同优化日前和日内拍卖，然后遵循日内拍卖。如果在日前拍卖时不知道日内价格，夏季最好遵循连续时间日内，冬季则遵循日内拍卖。此外，这种顺序操作会增加电池退化。最后，在我们的控制器下，热能储存实现的短期灵活性相对于静态电池组和具有双向充电的电动汽车所提供的灵活性是微不足道的。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The operation of residential energy hubs with multiple energy carriers (electricity, heat, mobility) poses a significant challenge due to different carrier dynamics, hybrid storage coordination and high-dimensional action-spaces. Energy management systems oversee their operation, deciding the set points of the primary control layer. This paper presents a novel 2-stage economic model predictive controller for electrified buildings including physics-based models of the battery degradation and thermal systems. The hierarchical control operates in the Dutch sequential energy markets. In particular common assumptions regarding intra-day markets (auction and continuous-time) are discussed as well as the coupling of the different storage systems. The best control policy is to co-optimize day-ahead and intra-day auctions in the first stage, to later follow intra-day auctions. If no intra-day prices are known at the time of the day-ahead auction, its best to follow continuous time intra-day in the summer and the intra-day auction in the winter. Additionally, this sequential operation increases battery degradation. Finally, under our controller the realized short-term flexibility of the thermal energy storage is marginal compared to the flexibility delivered by static battery pack and electric vehicles with bidirectional charging.