标题： 高精度相对论时间尺度用于地月导航 显示英文标题

标题： High-Precision Relativistic Time Scales for Cislunar Navigation

摘要： 我们提出了一种统一的后牛顿框架，用于相对论计时和坐标变换，涵盖六个时间尺度（TCB、TCG、TT、TDB、TCL、TL）和三个参考系统（BCRS、GCRS、LCRS）。 扩展IAU规范，我们定义了一个月心天球参考系（LCRS）度规，该度规保留了超过5x10^{-18}分数阈值的所有贡献以及高于0.1皮秒的计时项，通过将月球引力场展开到球谐度l=9，并考虑Love数变化，同时包括外部潮汐和惯性多极矩到八极矩。 我们推导了TCB、TCG、TT、TCL和TL之间的闭式映射，得出适当的坐标时间转换和亚皮秒精度的双向时间传递校正。 我们评估了由于运动学膨胀、月球单极子和多极子、地球潮汐和引力磁效应而产生的长期速率常数和周期性扰动，适用于月球表面、低月球轨道、地月L1点以及近直角晕轨道上的时钟。 我们的分析表明，为了达到5x10^{-18}的分数稳定性，需要l=9的谐波和l=8的潮汐，支持地月空间内的亚皮秒级时钟同步和厘米级导航。 该框架为高精度时间频率传递、相对论大地测量、量子通信链路和低地球轨道以外的基本物理实验提供了基础。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We present a unified post-Newtonian framework for relativistic timing and coordinate transformations covering six time scales (TCB, TCG, TT, TDB, TCL, TL) and three reference systems (BCRS, GCRS, LCRS). Extending the IAU conventions, we define a Lunicentric Celestial Reference System (LCRS) metric that retains all contributions above a fractional threshold of 5x10^{-18} and timing terms above 0.1 ps by expanding the lunar gravity field to spherical-harmonic degree l=9 with Love number variations and including external tidal and inertial multipoles to the octupole. We derive closed-form mappings among TCB, TCG, TT, TCL and TL, yielding proper-to-coordinate time transformations and two-way time-transfer corrections at sub-picosecond accuracy. We evaluate secular rate constants and periodic perturbations arising from kinematic dilation, lunar monopole and multipoles, Earth tides and gravitomagnetic effects for clocks on the lunar surface, in low lunar orbits, at the Earth-Moon L1 point and in near-rectilinear halo orbits. Our analysis demonstrates that harmonics through l=9 and tides through l=8 are required to achieve 5x10^{-18} fractional stability, supporting sub-picosecond clock synchronization and centimeter-level navigation in cislunar space. This framework underpins high-precision time and frequency transfer, relativistic geodesy, quantum communication links and fundamental physics experiments beyond low Earth orbit.