标题： 反铁磁螺旋子散射通过集体动力学的直接时间分辨成像揭示 显示英文标题

标题： Antiferromagnetic Skyrmion Scattering Revealed by Direct Time-Resolved Imaging of Collective Dynamics

摘要： 散射分析提供了一种基本的方法，用于揭示粒子相互作用，这对依赖于粒子集合体的设备技术（如磁斯kyrmions）有直接的影响。 在这里，我们使用元素特异性泵浦-探测X射线显微镜，实时直接观察反铁磁（AFM）skyrmion晶格的纳秒电流驱动动力学。 通过调整自旋轨道扭矩相对于局部钉扎势，我们揭示了两种模式：非相干流动，在这种模式下，移动的skyrmion从固定的skyrmion中散射，引发具有3-20 ns弛豫的反弹动力学；以及相干流动，在这种模式下，晶格均匀地平移。 通过基于Thiele方程的逆分析方法量化可重复的脉冲后弛豫轨迹，得到了纳米尺度的AFM skyrmion-skyrmion散射势，该势以30 nm的范围呈指数衰减，与微观磁性模拟完全一致。 在更高的电流密度下，晶格表现出不受可检测的霍尔和惯性效应或动态变形影响的相干运动，从而实现了稳健的GHz操作。 这些发现建立了一个定量框架，用于AFM skyrmion相互作用，并展示了即使在非相干流动模式下，对它们集体动力学的确定性控制，跨越数十亿个周期，从而为多skyrmion自旋电子器件铺平了道路。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Scattering analysis offers a fundamental route to revealing particle interactions with direct implications for device technologies relying on ensembles of particles such as magnetic skyrmions. Here, we directly visualize, in real time, the nanosecond current-driven dynamics of an antiferromagnetic (AFM) skyrmion lattice using element-specific pump-probe X-ray microscopy. By tuning spin-orbit torque relative to local pinning potentials, we reveal two regimes: incoherent flow, where mobile skyrmions scatter from pinned ones, inducing recoil dynamics with 3-20 ns relaxation, and coherent flow, where the lattice translates uniformly. Quantification of the reproducible post-pulse relaxation trajectories via an inverse analyis method based on the Thiele equation yields the nanoscale AFM skyrmion-skyrmion scattering potential, which decays exponentially with a range of 30 nm, in full agreement with micromagnetic simulations. At higher current densities, the lattice exhibits coherent motion free from detectable Hall and inertial effects or dynamical deformation, enabling robust GHz operation. These findings establish a quantitative framework for AFM skyrmion interactions and demonstrate deterministic control of their collective dynamics over billions of cycles even in the incoherent flow regime, thereby paving the way for multi-skyrmion spintronic devices.