标题： 多临界感染传播 显示英文标题

标题： Multicritical Infection Spreading

摘要： 接触过程是一种简单的感染传播模型，展示了宏观活跃相和非活跃相之间的非平衡相变。 这种吸收态相变通常对静态无序的存在敏感。 传统上，无序接触过程中的相变要么由稀释触发，要么由局部改变感染率触发。 然而，当这两个因素都起重要作用时，会出现一个多重临界点，其性质仍不明确。 在此，我们通过二维和三维的大规模蒙特卡洛模拟研究了多重临界接触过程。 发现多重临界行为是普遍的，并表现出超慢的、激活的动力学标度，其指数与强无序重正化群方法预测的一致。 这一发现表明，多重临界接触过程属于与多重临界量子伊辛模型相同的普适类，为通过经典模拟测量量子纠缠特性开辟了未来方向。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The contact process is a simple infection spreading model showcasing an out-of-equilibrium phase transition between a macroscopically active and an inactive phase. Such absorbing state phase transitions are often sensitive to the presence of quenched disorder. Traditionally, a phase transition in the disordered contact process is either triggered by dilution or by locally varying the infection rate. However, when both factors play an important role, a multicritical point emerges that remains poorly understood. Here, we study the multicritical contact process by large-scale Monte Carlo simulations in two and three dimensions. The multicritical behavior is found to be universal and exhibits ultra-slow, activated dynamical scaling, with exponents consistent with those predicted by the strong disorder renormalization group method. This finding indicates that the multicritical contact process belongs to the same universality class as the multicritical quantum Ising model, opening future directions to measure quantum entanglement properties via classical simulations.