标题： 通用开放量子系统中的普适精度极限 显示英文标题

标题： Universal Precision Limits in General Open Quantum Systems

摘要： 观察量的精度受到热力学成本约束的直觉最近通过热力学和动力学不确定性关系得到了形式化。 尽管这种权衡在马尔可夫系统中已被广泛研究，但在非马尔可夫 regimes 中相应的约束仍大多未被探索。 在本信中，我们推导了在与任意强度环境耦合并接受两点测量的开放量子系统中通用观察量的精度的普遍界限。 通过引入一个量化正向和反向过程差异的不对称项，我们表明任何时间反对称电流的相对波动受到熵产生和这个正向-反向不对称性的约束。 对于一般的观察量，我们证明其相对波动总是由一个广义活动项从下界限制。 这些结果建立了一个全面的框架，以理解广泛类别的通用开放量子系统的精度极限。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The intuition that the precision of observables is constrained by thermodynamic costs has recently been formalized through thermodynamic and kinetic uncertainty relations. While such trade-offs have been extensively studied in Markovian systems, corresponding constraints in the non-Markovian regime remain largely unexplored. In this Letter, we derive universal bounds on the precision of generic observables in open quantum systems coupled to environments of arbitrary strength and subjected to two-point measurements. By introducing an asymmetry term that quantifies the disparity between forward and backward processes, we show that the relative fluctuation of any time-antisymmetric current is constrained by both entropy production and this forward-backward asymmetry. For general observables, we prove that their relative fluctuation is always bounded from below by a generalized activity term. These results establish a comprehensive framework for understanding precision limits in broad classes of general open quantum systems.