标题： 通过超导二极管实现光学微波整流的演示，效率接近100% 显示英文标题

标题： Demonstration of an optical microwave rectification by a superconducting diode with near 100% efficiency

摘要： 超导电子学在下一代计算和通信系统中提供了速度和功耗效率方面的显著优势。 然而，由于缺乏简单、高效且可扩展的超导元件来替代关键的半导体组件，其实际部署受到限制。 在本工作中，我们研究了基于平面约瑟夫森结的二极管，这些二极管由常规的铌超导体制造。 这些二极管中的非互易性来源于结几何不对称性引起的自场效应。 通过有意调节结参数，我们实现了有效无限的非互易性（在实验分辨率内），其特征是在一个方向上完全抑制超导临界电流，而在相反方向上保持显著电流。 本工作的关键创新在于展示了光学二极管效应。 我们观察到了75 GHz微波辐射的无阈值整流，表明这些二极管表现出接近理想的光学非互易性。 我们的结果为超高速超导电子学开辟了新的途径，并为无线亚太赫兹信号处理奠定了基础。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Superconducting electronics offer significant advantages in speed and power efficiency for next-generation computing and communication systems. However, their practical deployment is limited by the absence of simple, efficient, and scalable superconducting counterparts to key semiconductor components. In this work, we investigate diodes based on planar Josephson junctions fabricated from a conventional niobium superconductor. The nonreciprocity in these diodes arises from the self-field effect induced by the geometrical asymmetry of the junction. By deliberate tuning of the junction parameters, we achieved effectively infinite nonreciprocity (within experimental resolution), characterized by a complete suppression of the superconducting critical current in one direction while maintaining a significant current in the opposite direction. The key novelty of this work lies in the demonstration of the optical diode effect. We observed threshold-free rectification of 75 GHz microwave radiation, indicating that these diodes exhibit near-ideal optical nonreciprocity. Our results open new avenues for ultrafast superconducting electronics and lay the groundwork for wireless sub-THz signal processing.