标题： 多方面光污染建模及其在法国人工照度下降中的应用 显示英文标题

标题： Multi-faceted light pollution modelling and its application to the decline of artificial illuminance in France

摘要： 人工夜间光（ALAN）在过去一个世纪持续增加，特别是在过去十年中。 这导致光污染上升，已知对生物体，包括人类，有不利影响。 我们提出了一种新的软件包，用于从地面辐射测量数据建模光污染。 该软件称为Otus 3，结合了创新的ALAN扩散模型，具有不同的大气剖面、云层覆盖和城市发射函数。 到目前为止，光污染建模通常专注于计算由城市灯光产生的天际光的天顶亮度。 在Otus 3中，我们扩展了这一点，并且还建模了地面上的水平照度，包括天际光和直接照明的贡献。 我们使用来自可见红外成像辐射计套件（VIIRS）的地面辐射数据对法国应用了Otus 3。 我们使用在139个不同地点6年获得的精确天空亮度测量数据校准了我们的模型，并将此数据集公开可用。 我们为法国制作了2013-2018年和2019-2024年期间的第一张人工照度图。 我们发现，在这两个时期之间，夜间中间的人工地面照度下降了23%，这与全球趋势形成鲜明对比。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Artificial Light At Night (ALAN) has been increasing steadily over the past century, particularly during the last decade. This leads to rising light pollution, which is known to have adverse effects on living organisms, including humans. We present a new software package to model light pollution from ground radiance measurements. The software is called Otus 3 and incorporates innovative ALAN diffusion models with different atmospheric profiles, cloud covers and urban emission functions. To date, light pollution modelling typically focused on calculating the zenith luminance of the skyglow produced by city lights. In Otus 3 we extend this and additionally model the horizontal illuminance on the ground, including the contributions from skyglow and the direct illumination. We applied Otus 3 to France using ground radiance data from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). We calibrated our models using precise sky brightness measurements we obtained over 6 years at 139 different locations and make this dataset publicly available. We produced the first artificial illuminance map for France for the periods of 2013-2018 and 2019-2024. We found that the artificial ground illuminance in the middle of the night decreased by 23 % between these two periods, in stark contrast to the global trend.