标题： 一种用于右删失数据两样本生存比较的新复合Mann-Whitney检验 显示英文标题

标题： A new composite Mann-Whitney test for two-sample survival comparisons with right-censored data

摘要： 比较右删失数据下两个生存分布的一个基本挑战是选择适当的非参数检验，因为像对数秩检验和威尔科克斯检验这样的标准检验的效力高度依赖于通常未知的备择假设的性质。 本文介绍了一种新的、与分布无关的两样本检验，旨在克服这一限制。 所提出的方法基于将数据分解为未删失和删失子集的战略方法，从中构建一个复合检验统计量，即两个独立曼-惠特尼统计量的和。 这种设计使检验能够自动且内在地适应各种差异模式，包括早期、晚期和交叉风险，而无需预设参数、预测试或复杂的加权方案。 一项广泛的蒙特卡洛模拟研究证明，所提出的检验能够稳健地保持名义上的第一类错误率。 至关重要的是，在标准情况下，其效力与最优传统检验具有高度竞争力，并在具有交叉生存曲线的复杂情况下表现更优，同时在高水平删失情况下也表现出显著的稳健性。 该检验的功效在广泛的备择假设下有效地逼近对数秩检验或威尔科克斯检验所能达到的最大功效，为生存分析提供了一个强大、灵活且计算简单的工具。 显示英文摘要

摘要： A fundamental challenge in comparing two survival distributions with right censored data is the selection of an appropriate nonparametric test, as the power of standard tests like the Log rank and Wilcoxon is highly dependent on the often unknown nature of the alternative hypothesis. This paper introduces a new, distribution free two sample test designed to overcome this limitation. The proposed method is based on a strategic decomposition of the data into uncensored and censored subsets, from which a composite test statistic is constructed as the sum of two independent Mann Whitney statistics. This design allows the test to automatically and inherently adapt to various patterns of difference including early, late, and crossing hazards without requiring pre specified parameters, pre testing, or complex weighting schemes. An extensive Monte Carlo simulation study demonstrates that the proposed test robustly maintains the nominal Type I error rate. Crucially, its power is highly competitive with the optimal traditional tests in standard scenarios and superior in complex settings with crossing survival curves, while also exhibiting remarkable robustness to high levels of censoring. The test power effectively approximates the maximum power achievable by either the Log rank or Wilcoxon tests across a wide range of alternatives, offering a powerful, versatile, and computationally simple tool for survival analysis.