标题： STEM、生物和人文学科项目中配额政策的有效性 显示英文标题

标题： Effectiveness of Quota Policies Across STEM, Biological, and Humanities Programs

摘要： 我们考察了Unesp超过十年的配额政策，分析了物理、生物和教育学作为不同评估风格的代表性项目。配额在物理学科中影响很小，因为入学门槛较低，而在教育学中，高通过率使得区分学生变得困难，但在生物学中却显示出系统性的差异。将分析集中在微积分I——一门物理和其他科学、技术、工程和数学（STEM）项目的入门课程——由于有更大的统计数据可用，明显出现了层次结构：通过公开竞争录取的学生表现最好，来自公立学校的学生取得中间成绩，而通过种族配额录取的学生表现最差。当学生直接根据入学考试成绩进行划分时，表现差异更加明显。统计分析还表明，与预期相反，尝试次数越多，通过的概率越低，这表明初始的教育差距在高等教育中很难弥补。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We examine more than a decade of quota policy at Unesp, analyzing Physics, Biology, and Pedagogy as representative programs of distinct assessment styles. Quotas show little impact in Physics, where the admission barrier is low, and in Pedagogy, where high pass rates make it difficult to differentiate students, but they reveal systematic differences in Biology. Focusing the analysis on Calculus I - an introductory course in Physics and other Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) programs - for which much larger statistics are available, a clear hierarchy emerges: students admitted through open competition perform best, those from public schools achieve intermediate results, and students from racial quotas perform worst. When students are divided directly by the admittance exam grade, the performance difference is even clearer. Statistical analysis also shows that, contrary to expectation, the probability of passing decreases as the number of attempts increases, indicating that initial educational gaps are difficult to overcome within higher education.