标题： 用于美国制造业供应链材料效率评估的物理扩展投入产出框架 显示英文标题

标题： A physically extended EEIO framework for material efficiency assessment in United States manufacturing supply chains

摘要： 对经济中物质流的物理评估（例如，物质流量化）可以通过提供工业生产数量和供应链关系的有形物理背景，支持可持续脱碳和循环经济策略的发展。 然而，由于高质量原始数据的稀缺以及在数据报告中使用的行业分类系统之间缺乏统一性，完成物理评估具有挑战性。 本文描述了美国能源部（DOE）工业脱碳的能源环境投入产出（EEIO-IDA）模型的新物理扩展，生成了一个既在物理上又在环境上扩展的EEIO模型。 在模型框架中，美国经济被划分为商品生产和服务业子部门，每个商品生产子部门的质量流通过贸易数据（例如，联合国贸易数据库）和物理生产数据（例如，美国地质调查局）的组合进行量化。 鉴于并非所有子部门都有原始生产数据，开发并使用了价格插补和质量平衡假设，以高质量估算完成物理流数据集。 当该结果数据集与EEIO-IDA工具集成时，可以针对每个工业子部门在质量基础上量化环境影响强度指标（例如，CO$_2$eq/kg）。 这项工作旨在与现有的DOE框架和工具保持一致，包括EEIO-IDA工具、DOE工业脱碳路线图（2022年）以及美国工业转型路径研究（2025年）。 显示英文摘要

摘要： A physical assessment of material flows in an economy (e.g., material flow quantification) can support the development of sustainable decarbonization and circularity strategies by providing the tangible physical context of industrial production quantities and supply chain relationships. However, completing a physical assessment is challenging due to the scarcity of high-quality raw data and poor harmonization across industry classification systems used in data reporting. Here we describe a new physical extension for the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) EEIO for Industrial Decarbonization (EEIO-IDA) model, yielding an expanded EEIO model that is both physically and environmentally extended. In the model framework, the U.S. economy is divided into goods-producing and service-producing subsectors, and mass flows are quantified for each goods-producing subsector using a combination of trade data (e.g., UN Comtrade) and physical production data (e.g., U.S. Geological Survey). Given that primary-source production data are not available for all subsectors, price-imputation and mass-balance assumptions are developed and used to complete the physical flows dataset with high-quality estimations. The resulting dataset, when integrated with the EEIO-IDA tool, enables the quantification of environmental impact intensity metrics on a mass basis (e.g., CO$_2$eq/kg)) for each industrial subsector. This work is designed to align with existing DOE frameworks and tools, including the EEIO-IDA tool, the DOE Industrial Decarbonization Roadmap (2022), and Pathways for U.S. Industrial Transformations study (2025).