标题： 政治干预减少一次性塑料（SUPs）和价格效应：奥地利和德国的事件研究 显示英文标题

标题： Political Interventions to Reduce Single-Use Plastics (SUPs) and Price Effects: An Event Study for Austria and Germany

摘要： 一次性塑料（SUPs）造成巨大的环境成本。 在《指令》（EU）2019/904之后，奥地利和德国引入了生产者收费和基金支付，旨在覆盖清理工作。 使用包含价格的高频零售报价面板数据，并采用双向聚类标准误差的固定效应事件研究，本文衡量这些成本对消费者价格的影响程度。 我们发现奥地利有明显的价格传递。 当将奥地利产品合并时，处理项目在十二个月内比非SUP对照组高13.01个指数点（DiD(12m)；p<0.001），在整个后续期间高19.42个点（p<0.001）。 按产品来看，气球显示出强烈且持久的效果（DiD(12m)=13.43，p=0.007；Full DiD=19.96，p<0.001）。 杯子在短期内表现出混合的变动（例如，DiD(12m)=-22.73，p=0.096），并在整个期间表现出积极但不精确的对比。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Single-use plastics (SUPs) create large environmental costs. After Directive (EU) 2019/904, Austria and Germany introduced producer charges and fund payments meant to cover clean-up work. Using a high-frequency panel of retail offer spells containing prices and a fixed-effects event study with two-way clustered standard errors, this paper measures how much these costs drive up consumer prices. We find clear price pass-through in Austria. When Austrian products are pooled, treated items are 13.01 index points higher than non-SUP controls within twelve months (DiD(12m); p<0.001) and 19.42 points over the full post period (p<0.001). By product, balloons show strong and lasting effects (DiD(12m)=13.43, p=0.007; Full DiD=19.96, p<0.001). Cups show mixed short-run movements (e.g., DiD(12m)=-22.73, p=0.096) and a positive but imprecise full-period contrast.