标题： 开放量子系统中实现Mpemba效应的通用策略 显示英文标题

标题： A General Strategy for Realizing Mpemba Effects in Open Quantum Systems

摘要： Mpemba效应，即远离平衡的状态比靠近平衡的状态放松得更快，是经典和量子系统中一个显著的现象。 然而，在开放量子系统中，量子Mpemba效应（QME）通常仅在特定选择的初始状态下出现，这限制了它的普遍性。 在这里，我们提出了一种通用且实验上可行的策略来实现QME和反向QME。 通过应用临时的键耗散急变，我们可以有选择地抑制或增强缓慢的松弛模式，从而独立于系统和初始状态重新塑造松弛路径。 我们在具有去相位和边界耗散的系统中演示了这一机制，并概述了可行的冷原子实现方案。 我们的结果确立了可控耗散作为量子控制、加速松弛和高效非平衡协议的多功能工具。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The Mpemba effect, where a state farther from equilibrium relaxes faster than one closer to it, is a striking phenomenon in both classical and quantum systems. In open quantum systems, however, the quantum Mpemba effect (QME) typically occurs only for specifically chosen initial states, which limits its universality. Here we present a general and experimentally feasible strategy to realize both QME and anti-QME. By applying a temporary bond-dissipation quench, we selectively suppresses or enhances slow relaxation modes, thereby reshaping relaxation pathways independently of both the system and the initial state. We demonstrate this mechanism in systems with dephasing and boundary dissipation, and outline feasible cold-atom implementations. Our results establish controllable dissipation as a versatile tool for quantum control, accelerated relaxation, and efficient nonequilibrium protocols.