标题： 软伽马重复源和反常X射线脉冲星的天体物理学 显示英文标题

标题： Astrophysics of the Soft Gamma Repeaters and Anomalous X-Ray Pulsars

摘要： 我总结了近期在软伽马重复源（Soft Gamma Repeaters）理解上的进展：特别是它们的自转行为、持续辐射和超爱丁顿爆发。1979年3月5日和1998年8月27日的巨大耀发提供了磁场均强超过10 B_{QED} = 4.4 x 10^{14} 高斯的物理证据，这与在这两个源中检测到的快速减速一致。 将6-12秒异常X射线脉冲星的持续X射线发射和变化的自转减速与SGR的特性进行了比较，并论证了这两类源之间存在密切联系的可能性。 它们的共同属性表明存在一种 {\it 磁星}：即其中磁场衰减（而非吸积或旋转）是辐射和粒子发射的主要能量来源的中子星。 概述了磁星模型的观测测试，以及目前关于SGR爆发触发机制的想法、新的被困火球模型证据，以及QED过程对X射线光谱和光变曲线的影响。 对爆发强场中子星的相干无线电发射进行了批判性检查。 最后，我对中子星磁性和超新星核心坍缩时剧烈流体运动之间的遗传关系进行了概述。 显示英文摘要

摘要： I summarize the recent advances in our understanding of the Soft Gamma Repeaters: in particular their spin behavior, persistent emission and hyper-Eddington outbursts. The giant flares on 5 March 1979 and 27 August 1998 provide compelling physical evidence for magnetic fields stronger than 10 B_{QED} = 4.4 x 10^{14} G, consistent with the rapid spindown detected in two of these sources. The persistent X-ray emission and variable spindown of the 6-12 s Anomalous X-ray Pulsars are compared and contrasted with those of the SGRs, and the case made for a close connection between the two types of sources. Their collective properties point to the existence of {\it magnetars}: neutron stars in which a decaying magnetic field (rather than accretion or rotation) is the dominant source of energy for radiative and particle emissions. Observational tests of the magnetar model are outlined, along with current ideas about the trigger of SGR outbursts, new evidence for the trapped fireball model, and the influence of QED processes on X-ray spectra and lightcurves. A critical examination is made of coherent radio emission from bursting strong-field neutron stars. I conclude with an overview of the genetic connection between neutron star magnetism and the violent fluid motions in a collapsing supernova core.