标题： 褐矮星作为喷射的恒星胚胎：观测视角 显示英文标题

标题： Brown Dwarfs as Ejected Stellar Embryos: Observational Perspectives

摘要： 我们讨论了一种场景，其中棕矮星的形成方式与恒星类似，但它们的完全坍缩阶段因小多重系统的动力学相互作用而中断，导致最轻的成员被抛射出去。 这种瓦解过程是随机的，通常会导致新生低质量恒星被驱逐，但如果发生在足够早的阶段，则被抛射出的恒星胚胎将是一个亚恒星天体。 这个过程可能在早期如此普遍，以至于大量普遍存在的棕矮星可能以这种方式形成。 为了更好地理解小型新生多重系统的衰变细节，需要进行详细的气体动力学模拟。 我们讨论了抛射假设的观测结果，特别是注意到具有棕矮星分量的双星作为观测测试的重要性。 最后，我们注意到最近被抛射出的棕矮星可能会受到塌缩核心的吸积以及受扰动的周围星盘强烈吸积的干扰，以至于传统的光谱和亮度标准可能无法识别它们的亚恒星性质。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We discuss a scenario in which brown dwarfs are formed like stars, except that their full collapse phases are interrupted through dynamical interactions in small multiple systems, leading to the ejection of the lightest member. This disintegration is a stochastic process, often resulting in the expulsion of newborn low mass stars, but when it occurs early enough the ejected stellar embryo will be a substellar object. This process may be so common at early ages that a large fraction of the ubiquitous brown dwarfs could have formed in this manner. Detailed gas dynamical simulations are required in order to better understand the details of the decay of small newborn multiple systems. We discuss the observational consequences of the ejection hypothesis, noting especially the importance of binaries with brown dwarf components as an observational test. Finally, we note that brown dwarfs that have recently been ejected may be so disturbed, by infall from the collapsing core and also by heavy accretion from perturbed circumstellar disks, that traditional spectral and luminosity criteria may fail to identify their substellar nature.