标题： 附近星系中的元素丰度 显示英文标题

标题： Element Abundances in Nearby Galaxies

摘要： 在这些讲座中，我提出了对附近旋涡星系、不规则星系和矮椭圆星系中观测到的金属丰度和元素丰度比模式的高度主观的回顾，并与化学演化相关的若干天体物理问题相联系。 我还讨论了测量星系盘中H II区丰度以及气体和恒星表面密度的一些观测和理论问题。 最后，我将概述一些在未来研究中值得关注的未解问题。 显示英文摘要

摘要： In these lectures I present a highly opinionated review of the observed patterns of metallicity and element abundance ratios in nearby spiral, irregular, and dwarf elliptical galaxies, with connection to a number of astrophysical issues associated with chemical evolution. I also discuss some of the observational and theoretical issues associated with measuring abundances in H II regions and gas and stellar surface densities in disk galaxies. Finally, I will outline a few open questions that deserve attention in future investigations.