标题： 超新星模型用于解释在多个伽马射线暴中检测到的延迟红化光学过量 显示英文标题

标题： Supranova Model for the Delayed Reddened Optical Excesses Detected in Several GRBs

摘要： 在一些伽玛射线暴（GRB）事件发生后几十天的幂律衰减余辉光曲线中，已经测量到过量的红化光学辐射。 这种辐射被认为是在伽玛射线暴事件同时发生的超新星（SN）的标志，支持了塌缩星（collapsar）模型。 对伽玛射线暴爆发阶段和余辉X射线光谱特征的观测需要高密度、高金属丰度的物质靠近伽玛射线暴源，这支持了超新星（SA）模型。 如果超新星遗迹（SNR）壳层被脉冲星风（PW）照亮并加热，并在伽玛射线暴事件后冷却，这些相互矛盾的证据可以在参数空间的可能区域得到解决。 脉冲星风对超新星遗迹壳层的加热被参数化，并为脉冲星风电子单能注入情况下超新星遗迹壳层和脉冲星风泡内的同步辐射、同步自康普顿辐射和热辐射场推导出了简化的表达式。 冷却的超新星遗迹壳层可以产生从伽玛射线暴970228、伽玛射线暴980326和伽玛射线暴011121检测到的过量辐射。 脉冲星风电子的X射线同步辐射提供了一个重要的电离辐射源。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Excess reddened optical emission has been measured in the power-law decay afterglow light curves of several GRBs some tens of days after the GRB events. This emission is claimed to be a signature of a supernova (SN) taking place at the same time as the GRB event, in support of the collapsar scenario. Observations of features in prompt and afterglow X-ray spectra of GRBs require high density, high metallicity material near GRB sources, supporting the supranova (SA) scenario. These conflicting lines of evidence are resolved in likely regimes of parameter space if the supernova remnant (SNR) shell is illuminated and heated by a pulsar wind (PW), and cools following the GRB event. The heating of the SNR shell by the PW is parameterized, and simplified expressions for the synchrotron, synchrotron self-Compton, and thermal radiation fields within the SNR shell and pulsar wind bubble are derived for monoenergetic injection of wind electrons. A cooling SNR shell could produce the excess emission detected from GRB 970228, GRB 980326, and GRB 011121. X-ray synchrotron radiation from the PW electrons provides an important source of ionizing radiation.