标题： 尘埃MOCASSIN：完全自洽的三维光离化和尘埃辐射转移模型 显示英文标题

标题： The dusty MOCASSIN: fully self-consistent 3D photoionisation and dust radiative transfer models

摘要： 我们提出了首个包含完全自洽处理光致电离区域内尘埃辐射传递（RT）的三维蒙特卡洛（MC）光电离代码。 这是气体-only光电离代码MOCASSIN（Ercolano等，2003a）的最新版本（2.0版），采用随机方法处理辐射传输，允许同时自洽地处理初级和次级辐射场分量，并考虑了混入气体中的尘粒对辐射的散射以及气体和尘粒对辐射的吸收与发射。 针对仅尘粒的球对称几何结构和二维盘状配置进行了严格的基准测试。 发现MOCASSIN的结果与已确立的仅尘粒RT代码的结果一致，这些代码采用了多种解决RT问题的方法。 还展示了行星状星云（PN）NGC 3918的尘粒和光电离气体成分模型，以测试在存在气体和尘粒吸收率的情况下RT程序的正确功能。 通过尘粒吸收气体发出的UV连续光子和共振线光子来加热尘粒，从而将这两个成分耦合在一起。 MOCASSIN的结果与之前发表的该星云的1D尘粒和气体模型的结果一致，显示出新代码的可靠性，可以应用于各种天体物理环境。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We present the first 3D Monte Carlo (MC) photoionisation code to include a fully self-consistent treatment of dust radiative transfer (RT) within a photoionised region. This is the latest development (Version 2.0) of the gas-only photoionisation code MOCASSIN (Ercolano et al., 2003a), and employs a stochastic approach to the transport of radiation, allowing both the primary and secondary components of the radiation field to be treated self-consistently, whilst accounting for the scattering of radiation by dust grains mixed with the gas, as well as the absorption and emission of radiation by both the gas and the dust components. A set of rigorous benchmark tests have been carried out for dust-only spherically symmetric geometries and 2D disk configurations. MOCASSIN's results are found to be in agreement with those obtained by well established dust-only RT codes that employ various approaches to the solution of the RT problem. A model of the dust and of the photoionised gas components of the planetary nebula (PN) NGC 3918 is also presented as a means of testing the correct functioning of the RT procedures in a case where both gas and dust opacities are present. The two components are coupled via the heating of dust grains by the absorption of both UV continuum photons and resonance line photons emitted by the gas. The MOCASSIN results show agreement with those of a 1D dust and gas model of this nebula published previously, showing the reliability of the new code, which can be applied to a variety of astrophysical environments.