标题： 红移 z ~ 3 的年轻大质量星系中发现星系尺度的超级星风 显示英文标题

标题： The discovery of a galaxy-wide superwind from a young massive galaxy at redshift z~3

摘要： 由剧烈的恒星形成爆发和黑洞吸积驱动的高动能星系外流，被当前的星系形成理论用来终止最巨大星系中的恒星形成，并将重元素沉积到星系际介质中。 从关于高红移星系现有的观测证据来看，尚不清楚这些外流是否局限于几kpc范围内的强烈恒星形成区域，或者它们是否对整个星系及其周围环境产生了显著影响。 在这里我们展示了红移 z=3.09（即115亿年前，当时宇宙只有目前年龄的20%）的一个恒星形成星系的二维光谱：其空间扩展的Lyα发射线似乎被覆盖整个星系的前景HI屏吸收，横向范围至少为100 kpc，并且具有显著的速度一致性。 它可能是在数亿年前的一次恒星爆发期间从星系中喷发出来的，并随后从周围的星系际介质中收集了气体并冷却下来。 这证明了高红移超风的星系范围影响。 显示英文摘要

摘要： High-velocity galactic outflows, driven by intense bursts of star formation and black hole accretion, are invoked by current theories of galaxy formation to terminate star formation in the most massive galaxies and to deposit heavy elements in the intergalactic medium. From existing observational evidence on high-redshift galaxies, it is unclear whether such outflows are localized to regions of intense star formation just a few kiloparsecs in extent, or whether they instead have a significant impact on the entire galaxy and its surroundings. Here we present two-dimensional spectroscopy of a star-forming galaxy at redshift z=3.09 (seen 11.5 Gyr ago, when the Universe was 20 per cent of its current age): its spatially extended Ly-alpha emission appears to be absorbed by HI in a foreground screen covering the entire galaxy, with a lateral extent of at least 100 kpc and remarkable velocity coherence. It was plausibly ejected from the galaxy during a starburst several 1E8 yr earlier and has subsequently swept up gas from the surrounding intergalactic medium and cooled. This demonstrates the galaxy-wide impact of high-redshift superwinds.