标题： 修正的脉冲星自转减速 显示英文标题

标题： Revised Pulsar Spindown

摘要： 我们通过结合过去深入研究的两种理想化极限情况来探讨脉冲星电磁自旋衰减的问题：一种是磁场和旋转轴对齐的理想MHD条件适用的情况；另一种是真空中磁场和旋转轴不对齐的情况。 我们构建了一个考虑磁场和旋转轴不对齐以及磁层粒子加速间隙的自旋衰减公式。 我们证明了接近死亡线的对齐转子比正交转子减速得慢得多。 为了测试这种方法，我们使用简单的蒙特卡罗方法模拟脉冲星的演化，并在不需要假设磁场衰减的情况下很好地拟合了观测到的脉冲星在P-Pdot图中的分布。 我们的模型还可以通过允许磁层的共转部分在光圆筒内部结束，来解释某些具有制动指数n < 3的脉冲星的减速。 我们讨论了磁场重联在决定脉冲星制动指数中的作用。 然而，我们表明n ~ 3仍然是整个脉冲星群体的一个很好的近似值。 此外，我们预测接近死亡线的脉冲星具有n > 3的制动指数值，并且较老的脉冲星群体倾向于较小的磁场倾角。 我们讨论了现有脉冲星数据中这种对齐可能存在的特征签名。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We address the issue of electromagnetic pulsar spindown by combining our experience from the two limiting idealized cases which have been studied in great extent in the past: that of an aligned rotator where ideal MHD conditions apply, and that of a misaligned rotator in vacuum. We construct a spindown formula that takes into account the misalignment of the magnetic and rotation axes, and the magnetospheric particle acceleration gaps. We show that near the death line aligned rotators spin down much slower than orthogonal ones. In order to test this approach, we use a simple Monte Carlo method to simulate the evolution of pulsars and find a good fit to the observed pulsar distribution in the P-Pdot diagram without invoking magnetic field decay. Our model may also account for individual pulsars spinning down with braking index n < 3, by allowing the corotating part of the magnetosphere to end inside the light cylinder. We discuss the role of magnetic reconnection in determining the pulsar braking index. We show, however, that n ~ 3 remains a good approximation for the pulsar population as a whole. Moreover, we predict that pulsars near the death line have braking index values n > 3, and that the older pulsar population has preferentially smaller magnetic inclination angles. We discuss possible signatures of such alignment in the existing pulsar data.