标题： 宇宙起源的超高能宇宙射线的康普顿-吉丁效应 显示英文标题

标题： The Compton-Getting effect on ultra-high energy cosmic rays of cosmological origin

摘要： 各向异性偏差一直是识别低能宇宙射线的起源和原始类型的关键工具。我们建议，在超高能下，康普顿-吉丁效应可能起到类似作用：如果在这些能量下，宇宙射线通量由宇宙学距离的源主导，那么太阳相对于宇宙微波背景框架的运动会在0.6%的水平上引起偶极各向异性。这种各向异性的能量依赖性和方向提供了关于银河系和河外宇宙射线之间过渡、宇宙射线原始电荷、银河系磁场以及最高能量下宇宙射线的能量损失视界的重要信息。对该效应的3倍标准差检测需要考虑能量范围内的约10^6个事例，因此具有挑战性，但借助现有探测器并非不可能。作为推论，我们注意到康普顿-吉丁效应也允许限制由宇宙学距离源发射的弥漫伽马射线背景的比例，GLAST卫星对此有有希望的检测可能性。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Deviations from isotropy have been a key tool to identify the origin and the primary type of cosmic rays at low energies. We suggest that the Compton-Getting effect can play a similar role at ultra-high energies: If at these energies the cosmic ray flux is dominated by sources at cosmological distances, then the movement of the Sun relative to the cosmic microwave background frame induces a dipole anisotropy at the 0.6% level. The energy dependence and the orientation of this anisotropy provide important information about the transition between galactic and extragalactic cosmic rays, the charge of the cosmic ray primaries, the galactic magnetic field and, at the highest energies, the energy-loss horizon of cosmic rays. A 3-sigma detection of this effect requires around 10^6 events in the considered energy range and is thus challenging but not impossible with present detectors. As a corollary we note that the Compton-Getting effect allows one also to constrain the fraction of the diffuse gamma-ray background emitted by sources at cosmological distance, with promising detection possibilities for the GLAST satellite.