标题： 太阳中微子：我们已经了解的内容 显示英文标题

标题： Solar Neutrinos: What We Have Learned

摘要： 四个运行的太阳中微子实验确认了太阳光度的能量来源是氢融合的假设。 然而，四个太阳中微子实验中每个实验的测量速率与基于标准太阳模型和最简单的标准电弱理论的相应理论预测存在显著差异（差异因子为2.0到3.5）。 如果标准电弱理论是正确的，那么在太阳内部产生的\b 8中微子的能量谱必须与已知的实验室\b 8中微子能量谱相同（精确到$10^5$分之一）。 对氯实验和神冈实验（两者都对\b 8中微子敏感）的直接比较表明，理论与观测之间的差异取决于中微子能量，这与标准预期相矛盾。 使用1000种标准太阳模型实现的蒙特卡罗研究证实，除非新的弱相互作用物理改变了\b 8中微子能量谱的形状，否则氯实验和神冈实验无法调和。 两项镓太阳中微子实验的结果加强了需要新物理的结论，并有助于确定MSW中微子参数的相对较小的允许区域。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The four operating solar neutrino experiments confirm the hypothesis that the energy source for solar luminosity is hydrogen fusion. However, the measured rate for each of the four solar neutrino experiments differs significantly (by factors of 2.0 to 3.5) from the corresponding theoretical prediction that is based upon the standard solar model and the simplest version of the standard electroweak theory. If standard electroweak theory is correct, the energy spectrum for \b8 neutrinos created in the solar interior must be the same (to one part in $10^5$) as the known laboratory \b8 neutrino energy spectrum. Direct comparison of the chlorine and the Kamiokande experiments, both sensitive to \b8 neutrinos, suggests that the discrepancy between theory and observations depends upon neutrino energy, in conflict with standard expectations. Monte Carlo studies with 1000 implementations of the standard solar model confirm that the chlorine and the Kamiokande experiments cannot be reconciled unless new weak interaction physics changes the shape of the \b8 neutrino energy spectrum. The results of the two gallium solar neutrino experiments strengthen the conclusion that new physics is required and help determine a relatively small allowed region for the MSW neutrino parameters.