标题： 中子星和黑洞附近的视觉畸变 显示英文标题

标题： Visual Distortions Near a Neutron Star and Black Hole

摘要： 描述了观察者绕行并下降到一颗极其致密的恒星表面时可见的视觉畸变效应。 具体而言，描述了前往一颗“普通”中子星、黑洞以及具有极高表面重力的超致密中子星的旅程。 以观察者会看到的内容为背景，讨论了多重成像、红移和蓝移、表面亮度守恒、光子球以及多个爱因斯坦环等概念。 展示了通过计算机生成的、严格符合广义相对论的插图，并讨论了这些畸变效应。 一段展示许多这些效应的短片（录像带）可供感兴趣的人免费索取。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The visual distortion effects visible to an observer traveling around and descending to the surface of an extremely compact star are described. Specifically, trips to a ``normal" neutron star, a black hole, and an ultracompact neutron star with extremely high surface gravity, are described. Concepts such as multiple imaging, red- and blue-shifting, conservation of surface brightness, the photon sphere, and the existence of multiple Einstein rings are discussed in terms of what the viewer would see. Computer generated, general relativistically accurate illustrations highlighting the distortion effects are presented and discussed. A short movie (VHS) depicting many of these effects is available to those interested free of charge.