标题： 超新星、脉冲星和伽马射线暴：统一图景 显示英文标题

标题： Supernovae, Pulsars and Gamma-Ray Bursts: A Unified Picture

摘要： 提出了一种情景来解释观测到的高速脉冲星速度和河外伽马射线暴（GRB）。该模型涉及超相对论喷流从超新星（SN）产生一个GRB及其余辉，其特性类似于各向同性的火球GRB，可能在余辉的晚期有一些差异，一旦发生显著的横向扩散。在这个模型中，GRB及其余辉的时间尺度和其他许多属性与观测结果一致。这个模型中的GRB具有特殊的固有属性，可以通过观测明确地验证或否定这个模型。最直接的证明是在明亮GRB事件的同时检测到超新星。如果它们遵循模型中暗示的观测到的普遍恒星形成历史，那么大多数GRB和超新星预计会在中等红移（$z\sim 1-3$）处发生。寻找GRB/超新星关联是一个挑战，因为大多数超新星会很暗淡。还预测了一些额外的、戏剧性的可观测后果，也可以用来检验这个模型。 显示英文摘要

摘要： A scenario is proposed that explains both the observed high pulsar velocities and extragalactic gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). The model involves an ultra- relativistic jet from a supernova (SN), that produces a GRB and its afterglow, whose characteristics are similar to an isotropic fireball GRB perhaps with some differences at late times in the afterglow once some significant transverse diffusion has occurred. The time scales and many other properties of GRBs and their afterglows in this model are consistent with observations. GRBs in this model have special intrinsic properties, that can either falsify or prove this model unambiguously by observations. The most direct proof is the detection of a SN about the same time as the luminous GRB event. Most GRBs and SNe are expected occur at moderate redshift ($z\sim 1-3$), if they follow the observed universal star formation history, as implied in this model. Searching for GRB/SN associations is a challenge, because majority of the SNe will be faint. Some additional, dramatic observable consequences are predicted, which can also be utilized to test the model.