标题： 锂铍硼与宇宙射线的起源 显示英文标题

标题： LiBeB and the Origin of Cosmic Rays

摘要： 低金属丰度下的铍（Be）丰度对宇宙射线起源具有重要意义，需要从新鲜的超新星抛射物中加速产生。 观测到的几乎恒定的Be/Fe比值确定了每颗II型超新星（SNII）的铍产量，从而允许确定每颗SNII供给宇宙射线的能量。 这些结果排除了从贫金属星际介质（ISM）中加速的可能性，并支持银河系演化的所有时期中由宇宙射线产生铍，这些射线具有与当前时期相同的能谱和源成分。 提出了单个超新星对其自身核合成产物的加速以及超泡内部富集物质的超新星激波集体加速作为这种起源的机制。 一种新的基于蒙特卡洛方法的演化代码，明确包含了每颗超新星的铍和铁产量概念，得出超新星加速效率：难熔金属为2%，所有宇宙射线为12%。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Be abundances at low metallicities have major implications on cosmic ray origin, requiring acceleration out of fresh supernova ejecta. The observed, essentially constant Be/Fe fixes the Be production per SNII, allowing the determination of the energy supplied to cosmic rays per SNII. The results rule out acceleration out of the metal-poor ISM, and favor Be production at all epochs of Galactic evolution by cosmic rays having the same spectrum and source composition as those at the current epoch. Individual supernova acceleration of its own nucleosynthetic products and the collective acceleration by SN shocks of ejecta-enriched matter in the interiors of superbubbles have been proposed for such origin. A new Monte-Carlo based evolutionary code, into which the concept of Be and Fe production per supernova is explicitly built in, yields the supernova acceleration efficiency, 2% for the refractory metals and 12% for all the cosmic rays.