标题： 第一颗恒星和类星体的形成 显示英文标题

标题： Formation of the First Stars and Quasars

摘要： 我们回顾第一代恒星和低光度类星体的可观测特征，包括它们产生的金属丰度、辐射背景以及尘埃的遮蔽/发射。 我们基于Press-Schechter形式的扩展来计算坍缩重子晕的形成历史，结合了压力和H2解离的影响，并将这一历史与红移z<5的观测数据进行校准。 为了与哈勃深场中缺乏微弱点源的现象一致，我们为承载中心黑洞的晕的圆周速度引入了一个下限，即75 km/s。 根据我们的模型，我们预测未来的卫星仪器如MAP、Planck和NGST能够检测到红移超过z=10的小星团和低光度类星体的特征。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We review observable signatures of the first generation of stars and low-luminosity quasars, including the metal enrichment, radiation background, and dust opacity/emission that they produce. We compute the formation history of collapsed baryonic halos based on an extension of the Press-Schechter formalism, incorporating the effects of pressure and H2-dissociation, and calibrate this history to observational data at redshifts z<5. To be consistent with the lack of faint point-sources in the Hubble Deep Field, we introduce a lower limit of 75 km/s for the circular velocities of halos harboring central black holes. Based on our models, we predict that future satellite instruments such as MAP, Planck, and NGST will be able to detect the signatures small star clusters and low-luminosity quasars at redshifts exceeding z=10.