标题： 超新星加热对星团属性的影响及对星系形成模型的限制 显示英文标题

标题： The effect of supernova heating on cluster properties and constraints on galaxy formation models

摘要： 星系形成模型应该能够预测星系团的性质，特别是它们的气体分数、金属丰度、X射线光度-温度关系、温度函数和质量沉积率函数。拟合这些性质对所有尺度的星系形成都施加了重要的约束。通过详细跟踪气体过程，我们的半解析模型（基于Nulsen & Fabian 1997的模型）是唯一能够预测上述所有星系团性质的模型。我们使用真实的气体分数和气体密度分布，并根据观测要求，我们通过加入星系团内气体的超新星加热来打破星系团结构的自相似性，其数量由观测到的金属丰度指示。我们还强调了质量沉积率函数作为星系团结构独立且非常灵敏的探测器的重要性。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Models of galaxy formation should be able to predict the properties of clusters of galaxies, in particular their gas fractions, metallicities, X-ray luminosity-temperature relation, temperature function and mass-deposition-rate function. Fitting these properties places important constaints on galaxy formation on all scales. By following gas processes in detail, our semi-analytic model (based on that of Nulsen & Fabian 1997) is the only such model able to predict all of the above cluster properties. We use realistic gas fractions and gas density profiles, and as required by observations we break the self-similarity of cluster structure by including supernova heating of intracluster gas, the amount of which is indicated by the observed metallicities. We also highlight the importance of the mass-deposition-rate function as an independent and very sensitive probe of cluster structure.