标题： 具有风的占主导地位的吸积流的光谱模型 显示英文标题

标题： Spectral Models of Advection-Dominated Accretion Flows with Winds

摘要： 我们计算了对流主导吸积流的光谱模型，并考虑了大量物质可能以风的形式损失的可能性。我们将这些模型应用于宁静态软X射线暂现源V404 Cyg和银河系中心源Sgr A*。我们表明，风中的质量损失率与描述吸积流微观物理特性的参数之间存在定性的退化；尤为重要的是$\delta$，即湍流能量中加热电子的部分所占的比例。对于较小的$\delta$，目前对软X射线暂现源和Sgr A*的观测表明，至少有$\sim 10 %$的源自大半径处的质量必须到达中心天体。然而，对于较大的$\delta \sim 0.3$，具有显著更大质量损失率的模型与观测结果一致。我们还讨论了近期对NGC 4649及其他附近椭圆星系的射电观测对对流主导吸积流模型施加的限制。最后，我们强调了未来可能有助于阐明次爱丁顿吸积流中质量损失重要性的观测研究。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We calculate spectral models of advection-dominated accretion flows, taking into account the possibility that significant mass may be lost to a wind. We apply the models to the soft X-ray transient V404 Cyg in quiescence and the Galactic center source Sgr A*. We show that there are qualitative degeneracies between the mass loss rate in the wind and parameters characterizing the microphysics of the accretion flow; of particular importance is $\delta$, the fraction of the turbulent energy which heats the electrons. For small $\delta$, current observations of soft X-ray transients and Sgr A* suggest that at least $\sim 10 %$ of the mass originating at large radii must reach the central object. For large $\delta \sim 0.3$, however, models with significantly more mass loss are in agreement with the observations. We also discuss constraints on advection-dominated accretion flow models imposed by recent radio observations of NGC 4649 and other nearby elliptical galaxies. We conclude by highlighting future observations which may clarify the importance of mass loss in sub-Eddington accretion flows.