标题： 星系棒的诞生、老化与死亡 显示英文标题

标题： Birth, Aging, and Death of Galactic Bars

摘要： 盘星系的生命周期很可能伴随着棒的诞生（自发或诱发）、老化（迅速或缓慢）和消亡（突然或渐进），这些事件导致星系在动力学时间尺度上（$\sim$0.1 Gyr）和宇宙时间尺度上（$\sim$10 Gyr）发生各种重大变化，并且既影响大尺度（$\ga$10 kpc）也影响小尺度（$\la$1 kpc）。这些变化影响了星系的形态、轨道结构、动力学、恒星形成和中心供气速率、丰度分布等。因此，在哈勃序列中可以观察到显著的星系形态变化。文章还简要探讨了气体棒的形成及其命运。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The life of disk galaxies is likely punctuated with the birth (spontaneous or induced), the aging (quick or slow), and the death (sudden or progressive) of bars. These events are responsible for various major changes of the galaxy which occur both on dynamical ($\sim$0.1 Gyr) and cosmological ($\sim$10 Gyr) time-scales, as well as both on large- ($\ga$10 kpc) and small-scales ($\la$1 kpc). These modifications affect the morphology, the orbital structure, the dynamics, the star formation and central fueling rates, the abundance profiles, etc. As a consequence, remarkable galaxy metamorphoses within the Hubble sequence can be observed. The formation and the fate of gaseous bars are also briefly examined.